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Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Cyclometalated cluster complex with a butterfly-shaped Pt2Ag2 core.

Sirous Jamali¹, Zahra Mazloomi, S Masoud Nabavizadeh

¹Department of Chemistry, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran. sirjamali@pgu.ac.ir

Inorganic Chemistry

|February 11, 2010

Summary

A novel platinum-silver cluster complex was synthesized and characterized. This butterfly cluster exhibits a unique Pt(2)Ag(2) core structure, retaining its core in solution through a dynamic equilibrium.

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Published on: February 15, 2016

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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

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Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

Organometallic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Cyclometalated platinum complexes are valuable in catalysis and materials science.
Understanding the assembly and structural dynamics of multinuclear metal complexes is crucial for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel cyclometalated platinum-silver cluster complex.
To investigate the structural features and solution behavior of the Pt(2)Ag(2) core.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a cyclometalated platinum complex, [PtMe(bhq)(dppy)].
Reaction with a silver salt to form the Pt(2)Ag(2) cluster complex.
Characterization using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of the platinum-silver cluster complex [Pt(2)Me(2)(bhq)(2)(mu-dppy)(2)Ag(2)(mu-acetone)](BF(4))(2).
X-ray crystallography revealed a rare butterfly cluster architecture with a Pt(2)Ag(2) core.
NMR spectroscopy confirmed the retention of the Pt(2)Ag(2) core in solution, with dynamic equilibrium between planar and butterfly geometries.

Conclusions:

A novel Pt(2)Ag(2) butterfly cluster complex has been synthesized and structurally elucidated.
The cluster exhibits dynamic behavior in solution, maintaining its core structure.
This study provides insights into the assembly and stability of multinuclear platinum-silver complexes.