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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

172.1K
Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
172.1K
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

14.4K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
14.4K
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

6.9K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
6.9K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

22.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Related Experiment Videos

Phase transition in charged lipid membranes.

P A Forsyth, S Marcelja, D J Mitchell

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |September 19, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electrostatic effects on bilayer membranes reveal limitations in continuous charge distribution models. Charged bilayer phase transitions are continuous, involving intermediate states with mixed fluid and frozen domains.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Physical Chemistry
    • Materials Science
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Bilayer membranes are crucial in biological systems and materials science.
    • Understanding phase transitions in charged bilayers is essential for predicting membrane behavior.
    • Electrical double layer theory provides a framework for electrostatic interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare experimental electrostatics data of bilayer phase transitions with monolayer data and electrical double layer theory.
    • To investigate the nature of crystal-liquid crystal phase transitions in charged bilayer membranes.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental comparison of electrostatic effects on bilayer and monolayer phase transitions.
    • Evaluation of existing electrical double layer theory against experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • Continuous surface charge distribution models in electrical double layer theory do not fully explain experimental data for bilayer phase transitions.
    • Accounting for discrete surface charge distributions may improve theoretical predictions.
    • Charged bilayer membranes exhibit continuous crystal-liquid crystal phase transitions.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrical double layer theory requires refinement, potentially by considering discrete charges, to accurately model bilayer phase transitions.
    • The crystal-liquid crystal phase transition in charged bilayer membranes proceeds via an intermediate state with coexisting fluid and solid domains.