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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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CCR5 antagonists: the answer to inflammatory disease?

Traci L Ness1, Steven L Kunkel, Cory M Hogaboam

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Rm 4698, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents
|February 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists show promise for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite CCR5

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Pharmacology
  • Inflammation and Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • Chemokines and their receptors are key mediators of inflammatory responses in various diseases.
  • Dysregulation of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and its ligands is linked to chronic inflammation and pathology.
  • CCR5 plays a critical role in inflammatory cell infiltration at affected sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of CCR5 antagonists in treating inflammatory diseases.
  • To explore the dual role of CCR5 in inflammation and as an HIV coreceptor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on CCR5 antagonist development.
  • Analysis of data from murine models demonstrating CCR5 neutralization effects.

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  • Examination of epidemiological studies in human patients.

    • Main Results:

    • CCR5 neutralization reduces disease incidence and pathology in preclinical models.
    • CCR5 antagonists were developed following its identification as a major HIV coreceptor.
    • While CCR5 deficiency increases risks for hepatic disease and infection, targeting CCR5 remains a viable therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • Pharmacological targeting of CCR5 is a feasible strategy for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
    • CCR5 antagonists represent a promising therapeutic avenue for inflammatory diseases.
    • Further research into CCR5 antagonists could yield significant clinical benefits.