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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)
09:52

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Published on: April 19, 2013

Waist circumference threshold values for type 2 diabetes risk.

Karl E Friedl1

  • 1Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012, USA.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|February 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Excess body fat increases type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Waist circumference (WC) is a key indicator, but current guidelines vary globally. More stringent, universal WC targets are recommended for T2DM prevention.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)
09:52

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Published on: April 19, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Adults gaining weight, excess adiposity, and intra-abdominal fat are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk.
  • Current preventive guidelines and actuarial predictions often use body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
  • Global application of WC thresholds reveals issues with generalizability across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the generalizability of current waist circumference (WC) thresholds for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk assessment.
  • To propose more stringent and universally applicable WC targets for T2DM prevention.
  • To highlight the cost-effectiveness of WC measurement in T2DM risk management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on body weight, adiposity, intra-abdominal fat, and T2DM risk.
  • Comparative analysis of different population-specific WC thresholds (e.g., US vs. Japan).
  • Assessment of WC as a biomarker for T2DM risk across various demographics.

Main Results:

  • Waist circumference (WC) is a reliable biomarker for T2DM risk in adult men and women.
  • Current US guidelines for WC may not be sufficiently stringent for T2DM prevention.
  • Worldwide WC targets below 90 cm for both men and women, irrespective of weight status, are suggested.

Conclusions:

  • Waist circumference (WC) measurement remains a highly useful and cost-effective tool for T2DM risk assessment and prevention.
  • More stringent and globally consistent WC thresholds are needed to effectively manage T2DM risk.
  • Future noninvasive technologies may offer advanced body fat assessment, but current simple girth measurements are paramount.