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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution to...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Ionicity in ionic liquids: correlation with ionic structure and physicochemical properties.

Kazuhide Ueno1, Hiroyuki Tokuda, Masayoshi Watanabe

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile molten salts with unique properties due to their ionicity. This study reviews methods to quantify ionicity and its influence on IL behavior and properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with desirable properties like low volatility and high conductivity.
  • These properties stem from their inherent ionic nature, making ionicity a key characteristic.
  • Understanding ionicity is crucial for tailoring ILs for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for assessing the ionicity of ionic liquids.
  • To explore the relationship between ionicity, ionic structure, and physicochemical properties.
  • To discuss factors influencing ionicity, including IL class and mixture composition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ionicity quantification in ILs.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships for various ionic liquids.
  • Discussion of predictive methods for ionicity based on physicochemical properties.

Main Results:

  • Established methodologies for quantitative ionicity estimation in ILs.
  • Demonstrated dependence of ionicity on IL structure, polarity, and bulk properties.
  • Identified influence of IL class (e.g., protic, lithium) and binary systems on ionicity.

Conclusions:

  • Ionicity is a fundamental parameter governing IL behavior.
  • Quantitative assessment of ionicity enables better prediction and design of ILs.
  • Further research into factors affecting ionicity will advance IL applications.