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Related Concept Videos

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
08:40

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

Published on: November 22, 2017

The Cvt pathway as a model for selective autophagy.

Melinda A Lynch-Day1, Daniel J Klionsky

  • 1Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.

FEBS Letters
|February 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy degrades cellular components. In yeast, the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway selectively delivers aminopeptidase I to the vacuole, serving as a model for selective autophagy.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading cytoplasmic components, crucial during starvation.
  • While often non-selective, selective forms of autophagy exist, utilizing specific receptors to target cargo.
  • The cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in yeast represents a unique, selective autophagic process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of selective autophagy using the yeast Cvt pathway as a model.
  • To understand how specific cargo, like aminopeptidase I, is targeted for degradation via autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in yeast.
  • Studied the delivery of the hydrolase aminopeptidase I to the vacuole.

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Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

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  • Utilized the core machinery of autophagy for cargo delivery.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified the Cvt pathway as a selective autophagic process in yeast.
    • Demonstrated the Cvt pathway's role in the biosynthetic delivery of aminopeptidase I to the vacuole.
    • Established the Cvt pathway as the sole known biosynthetic pathway employing the autophagy machinery.

    Conclusions:

    • The yeast Cvt pathway is a key model for studying selective autophagy.
    • Selective autophagy utilizes specific pathways to target cargo, distinct from general degradation.
    • Autophagy machinery can be adapted for both degradation and biosynthetic pathways.