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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

RNA conformation in catalytically active human telomerase.

Justin A Yeoman1, Angel Orte, Beth Ashbridge

  • 1The University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Human telomerase RNA (hTR) changes its structure upon binding to human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). This structural change is essential for forming an active telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex, suggesting a key RNA pseudoknot formation.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
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Published on: July 14, 2011

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Human telomerase RNA (hTR) is a crucial component of the telomerase enzyme.
  • Understanding the structure of hTR is vital for comprehending telomerase function and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the folded state of human telomerase RNA (hTR) using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
  • To determine how hTR conformation changes upon interaction with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy was employed.
  • The study focused on the reconstituted active ribonucleoprotein complex of human telomerase.

Main Results:

  • Human telomerase RNA (hTR) adopts a distinct conformation when bound to human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).
  • This conformational change is observed during the reconstitution of an active ribonucleoprotein complex.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the formation of an RNA pseudoknot within the active human telomerase complex.
  • This pseudoknot formation is likely critical for the catalytic activity of human telomerase.