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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

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Published on: February 8, 2019

Aortic involvement in giant cell arteritis.

F Martínez-Valle1, R Solans-Laqué, J Bosch-Gil

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. ferranmartinezvalle@gmail.com <ferranmartinezvalle@gmail.com>

Autoimmunity Reviews
|February 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a large-vessel vasculitis, frequently affects the aorta, often going undiagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment of aortic involvement in GCA are crucial for preventing severe complications and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) primarily affects cranial arteries in the elderly.
  • Aortic and branch inflammation occurs in a subset of GCA patients, potentially years after initial diagnosis.
  • Aortic involvement in GCA may be underestimated and more common than previously thought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of aortic involvement in Giant cell arteritis.
  • To emphasize the need for systematic evaluation and early diagnosis of GCA-related aortitis.
  • To explore potential shared pathological mechanisms between GCA, chronic periaortitis, and idiopathic aortitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GCA and aortic involvement.
  • Discussion of imaging techniques like MRA and PET for evaluating GCA.
  • Comparison of histopathological findings in GCA, chronic periaortitis, and idiopathic aortitis.

Main Results:

  • Aortic inflammation is a significant, possibly underestimated, manifestation of GCA.
  • Imaging modalities can reveal the extent of extracranial GCA involvement.
  • Similarities in histopathology suggest common underlying mechanisms for GCA, periaortitis, and idiopathic aortitis.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of aortic involvement in GCA is essential for timely treatment.
  • Effective treatment can mitigate acute and chronic complications of GCA-related aortitis.
  • Further research into shared pathological pathways may improve understanding and management of these conditions.