Advances in penile cancer management.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Urology

Background:

• Penile cancer significantly impacts patients physically and psychologically.
• Minimizing treatment invasiveness and morbidity is crucial for organ function preservation and disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in penile cancer management.
• To focus on data published in the last few years regarding therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on penile cancer management.
• Analysis of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
• Evaluation of quality of life and psychosexual impact.

Main Results:

• Updated TNM staging and follow-up schedules based on disease natural history.
• Application of modern imaging and gene profiling.
• Increased experience with sentinel lymph node biopsy and radiotherapy.
• Development of new penile cancer guidelines.

Conclusions:

• New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are emerging.
• Identifying patients suitable for less invasive treatments requires further study.
• Collaborative multicenter studies are essential for advancing penile cancer care.