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Related Concept Videos

What is Physical Chemistry?01:23

What is Physical Chemistry?

Physical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the principles from physics underlying chemical reactions. It provides deep insights into the behaviors of molecules, the forces they experience, and their interactions and chemical reactions.The term "physical chemistry" was introduced by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752. Since then, it has seen significant contributions from notable scientists such as Josiah Willard Gibbs, Wilhelm Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, and Linus Pauling.Key...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
The Small x Assumption02:20

The Small x Assumption

If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration. This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
Virtual Work01:20

Virtual Work

The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
In static equilibrium, a body can experience an imaginary or virtual movement, such as displacement or rotation. The virtual work done by a force is equal to the dot product of force and virtual displacement in the direction of the force. When it comes to virtually rotating a...
Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving

The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
To apply the principle of virtual work,...
Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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Online Virtual Reality Networked Control Laboratory Applied in Control Engineering Education
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Published on: February 23, 2024

Software platform virtualization in chemistry research and university teaching.

Tobias Kind1, Tim Leamy, Julie A Leary

  • 1UC Davis Genome Center, Metabolomics, 451 Health Sci Drive, Davis, California, 95616, USA.

Journal of Cheminformatics
|February 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Virtual machines (VMs) enhance chemistry labs by enabling multiple operating systems on one computer. This virtualization offers efficient software deployment and testing with minimal performance loss, improving research and teaching.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Computer Science
  • Laboratory Informatics

Background:

  • Modern chemistry labs utilize diverse software across multiple operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS).
  • Installing software on numerous individual computers is inefficient.
  • Virtual Machine (VM) software enables running multiple operating systems on a single host computer, streamlining software management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and discuss the application of virtual machines in chemistry research and teaching laboratories.
  • To evaluate the performance impact and practical benefits of VM technology in scientific computing environments.

Main Methods:

  • Application and discussion of virtual machine software in chemistry laboratory settings.
  • Benchmarking of multiple chemistry software packages to assess computational performance.
  • Evaluation of deployment and usability in teaching labs.

Main Results:

  • Virtual machines are effective for cheminformatics software development and testing.
  • A low computational speed penalty (5-10%) was observed when using VMs.
  • VMs facilitate rapid deployment and simplified use of diverse software in teaching labs.

Conclusions:

  • Software virtualization is crucial for chemistry, mass spectrometry, and cheminformatics, particularly for cross-platform software development and testing.
  • Optimized VM performance requires multi-core enablement and multiprocessor support.
  • Server consolidation via VMs reduces hardware costs and maintenance, especially for small labs.
  • VMs enhance security by providing sandbox environments for testing and internet access.
  • VMs simplify the creation and deployment of complex software setups for educational purposes.
  • The study notes the disparity in popularity between bioinformatics and cheminformatics and highlights the need for enhanced cheminformatics education.