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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

Understanding the behavior of amorphous pharmaceutical systems during dissolution.

David E Alonzo1, Geoff G Z Zhang, Deliang Zhou

  • 1Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Pharmaceutical Research
|February 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Polymeric additives can prevent amorphous drug crystallization, enhancing drug delivery. This research shows polymers maintain supersaturated drug solutions for extended periods, improving therapeutic outcomes.

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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Amorphous solid dispersions enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
  • Understanding the physical processes governing amorphous drug dissolution is crucial for effective formulation.
  • Hydrophobic drugs like felodipine and indomethacin often present challenges in achieving stable supersaturated solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical processes during amorphous pharmaceutical dissolution.
  • To correlate these processes with observed concentration-time profiles.
  • To evaluate the role of polymeric additives in stabilizing amorphous drug solutions.

Main Methods:

  • In situ fiber-optic UV spectroscopy to monitor concentration-time profiles.
  • Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction to track solid-state crystallization.
  • Polarized light microscopy for qualitative observation of crystallization.

Main Results:

  • Felodipine showed limited supersaturation at 25°C, rapidly crystallizing at both 25°C and 37°C.
  • Indomethacin formed supersaturated solutions but also crystallized rapidly.
  • Polymeric additives successfully delayed crystallization of both drugs, maintaining supersaturation for up to 4 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallization of amorphous solids or supersaturated solutions negates dissolution advantages.
  • Polymeric additives can inhibit crystallization, enabling persistent supersaturated drug solutions.
  • This strategy holds potential for improving drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.