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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
Published on: July 3, 2014
Management of refractory breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer
Steffen T Simon1, Claudia Bausewein
1Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK.
Abstract:
Breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom in advanced cancer. Management comprises non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions, which are best combined. There is some evidence mainly derived from COPD studies for walking aids, neuro-muscular electrical stimulation, fan and breathlessness services. Opioids are the drugs of choice for pharmacological management of breathlessness. There is currently not enough evidence to support the routine use of benzodiazepines, other anxiolytics, antidepressants, phenothiazines, inhaled furosemide and oxygen.
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