Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From regular solutions to microemulsions.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Unraveling aqueous alcohol freezing: new theoretical tools from graph theory to extract molecular processes in MD simulations.

Faraday discussions·2025
Same author

Numerical modeling and <i>in situ</i> small angle X-ray scattering characterization of ultra-small SPION magnetophoresis in a high field and gradient separator.

Nanoscale·2024
Same author

Transition from a Sponge-Like to an Onion-Like Nanostructure in the L<sub>3</sub> Phase - Part I.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2023
Same author

Microstructure and crystal order during freezing of supercooled water drops.

Nature·2023
Same author

Experimental evidence of a transition from a sponge-like to a foam-like nanostructure in water-rich L<sub>3</sub> phases.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Argon nucleation in a cryogenic supersonic nozzle.

Somnath Sinha1, Ashutosh Bhabhe, Hartawan Laksmono

  • 1William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We measured argon nucleation rates in a cryogenic nozzle, finding observed rates significantly higher than classical nucleation theory predicted. Mean field kinetic theory accurately predicted these high nucleation rates.

More Related Videos

A Multi-hole Cryovial Eliminates Freezing Artifacts when Muscle Tissues are Directly Immersed in Liquid Nitrogen
06:42

A Multi-hole Cryovial Eliminates Freezing Artifacts when Muscle Tissues are Directly Immersed in Liquid Nitrogen

Published on: April 6, 2017

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
08:34

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

A Multi-hole Cryovial Eliminates Freezing Artifacts when Muscle Tissues are Directly Immersed in Liquid Nitrogen
06:42

A Multi-hole Cryovial Eliminates Freezing Artifacts when Muscle Tissues are Directly Immersed in Liquid Nitrogen

Published on: April 6, 2017

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleation is a fundamental process in phase transitions.
  • Classical nucleation theory (CNT) often fails to accurately predict nucleation rates in non-ideal conditions.
  • Understanding nucleation is crucial for various industrial processes and atmospheric science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure nucleation rates of argon in a cryogenic supersonic nozzle.
  • To compare experimental results with predictions from classical nucleation theory (CNT) and mean field kinetic nucleation theory (MFKNT).
  • To identify the limitations of CNT in describing high nucleation rate phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cryogenic supersonic nozzle apparatus to create conditions for argon condensation.
  • Measured pressures and temperatures corresponding to maximum nucleation rates.
  • Estimated nucleation rates to be J=10(17+/-1) cm(-3) s(-1).

Main Results:

  • Observed nucleation rates were 11-13 orders of magnitude higher than CNT predictions.
  • MFKNT accurately predicted the observed nucleation rates within one order of magnitude.
  • Experimental data aligned with previous findings from cryogenic nucleation pulse chamber experiments.

Conclusions:

  • CNT significantly underestimates nucleation rates in cryogenic supersonic flows.
  • MFKNT provides a more accurate description of nucleation under these experimental conditions.
  • CNT's inaccuracies stem from overestimating critical cluster size and excess internal energy.