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Spatial analysis of learning and developmental disorders in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts using generalized additive

Kate Hoffman¹, Thomas F Webster, Janice M Weinberg

¹Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA. hoffmank@bu.edu

International Journal of Health Geographics

|February 16, 2010

Summary

This study mapped learning and developmental disability (LDD) risks on Cape Cod. While not statistically significant, findings suggest geographic variations in LDD may be linked to environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Epidemiology
Developmental Pediatrics
Spatial Analysis

Background:

Learning and developmental disabilities (LDD) affect children's educational and life outcomes.
Understanding the spatial distribution of LDD is crucial for targeted interventions.
Previous research has explored risk factors but often lacks fine-grained spatial analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the spatial variability of LDD indicators on Cape Cod.
To identify potential geographic clusters of LDD.
To explore the relationship between spatial patterns and environmental factors.

Main Methods:

Utilized maternal reports for special education services, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and educational attainment from a 1969-1983 birth cohort.
Employed generalized additive models (GAMs) to analyze spatial patterns.
Incorporated residential history and controlled for known risk factors to map LDD odds.

Main Results:

Produced maps illustrating the spatial odds of LDD across Cape Cod.
Identified potential geographic variations, suggesting higher LDD likelihood in certain areas.
Statistical significance was not reached, but trends indicated spatial clustering.

Conclusions:

Spatial variations in LDD may exist on Cape Cod.
Environmental and social factors could contribute to observed spatial patterns.
Further research with larger cohorts or more sensitive measures is warranted to confirm findings.