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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal assumptions,...
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This relationship...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Calcium Imaging in Freely Behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with Well-Controlled, Nonlocalized Vibration
06:50

Calcium Imaging in Freely Behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with Well-Controlled, Nonlocalized Vibration

Published on: April 29, 2021

Kalzium ist nicht alles.

Ashley I Bush1

  • 1Mental Health Research Institute, 155 Oak Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. abush@mhri.edu.au

Neuron
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Oral magnesium threonate boosts brain magnesium levels, enhancing cognitive function in rats. This novel approach improves memory and learning by modulating NMDA receptor activity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions are known NMDA receptor channel blockers.
  • Understanding the mechanisms by which Mg2+ influences neuronal function is crucial for cognitive health.

Discussion:

  • Sustained elevation of extracellular Mg2+ through oral magnesium threonate administration impacts NMDA receptor function.
  • This elevation mimics the effects of sustained synaptic Zn2+ concentrations.

Key Insights:

  • Magnesium threonate, an orally delivered ionophore, effectively increases cerebral Mg2+ levels.
  • Cognitive enhancement was observed in both young and old rats following a 12-24 day treatment period.
  • Increased hippocampal NR2B expression and bouton density were noted, suggesting structural synaptic plasticity.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Total Calcium in Neurons by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis
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Measurement of Total Calcium in Neurons by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: November 20, 2013

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
09:07

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Published on: February 18, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Calcium Imaging in Freely Behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with Well-Controlled, Nonlocalized Vibration
06:50

Calcium Imaging in Freely Behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with Well-Controlled, Nonlocalized Vibration

Published on: April 29, 2021

Measurement of Total Calcium in Neurons by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis
11:42

Measurement of Total Calcium in Neurons by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: November 20, 2013

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
09:07

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Published on: February 18, 2020

Outlook:

  • Further research into magnesium threonate's potential for cognitive enhancement in various models.
  • Exploring the long-term effects and safety profile of this novel Mg2+ delivery method.
  • Investigating the therapeutic applications of targeting NMDA receptor function through Mg2+ modulation.