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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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CD4+ T cell plasticity-Th2 cells join the crowd.

Jinfang Zhu1, William E Paul

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. jfzhu@niaid.nih.gov

Immunity
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virus-specific Th2 cells can be reprogrammed into dual-cytokine producing cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. This reprogramming allows for enhanced immune responses against viral infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T helper 2 (Th2) cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, typically producing interleukin-4 (IL-4).
  • Immune cell plasticity allows for dynamic responses to pathogens.
  • Viral infections necessitate robust and adaptable immune cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plasticity of differentiated Th2 cells during viral infection.
  • To determine if Th2 cells can acquire functions typically associated with other T helper subsets.
  • To explore the implications of Th2 cell reprogramming for antiviral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).
  • Analysis of virus-specific T cells, focusing on differentiated Th2 populations.
  • Assessment of cytokine production (IL-4 and interferon-gamma) and transcription factor expression (GATA-3, T-bet).

Main Results:

  • Fully differentiated virus-specific Th2 cells were reprogrammed in vivo during LCMV infection.
  • Reprogrammed cells expressed both GATA-3 and T-bet transcription factors.
  • These reprogrammed cells produced both IL-4 and interferon-gamma, exhibiting dual-cytokine capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiated Th2 cells possess significant plasticity and can be reprogrammed during viral infections.
  • This reprogramming results in cells with a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, enhancing antiviral responses.
  • The findings highlight a novel mechanism of immune adaptation to viral challenges.