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Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

Published on: October 8, 2017

Turning the page on epigenetic bookmarks.

Gregory R Dressler¹

¹Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dressler@umich.edu

Developmental Cell

|February 16, 2010

Summary

Cells utilize epigenetic memory to maintain gene expression patterns through cell division. Histone methyltransferases and DNA binding proteins help reactivate genes after mitosis.

Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Cells must maintain gene expression patterns across cell divisions.
Dynamic changes in chromatin structure pose a challenge to maintaining cellular memory.
Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how cells remember gene expression patterns through cell division.
To identify the molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic gene regulation.
To explore the role of these mechanisms in disease.

Main Methods:

Analysis of epigenetic modifications.
Studies on histone methyltransferases.
Investigation of locus-specific DNA binding proteins.

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A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

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Published on: October 8, 2017

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Main Results:

Identified histone methyltransferases as key players in maintaining epigenetic memory.
Demonstrated the role of locus-specific DNA binding proteins in gene reactivation.
Linked epigenetic memory mechanisms to potential disease implications.

Conclusions:

Histone methyltransferases and DNA binding proteins are crucial for maintaining and reactivating gene expression after mitosis.
These findings advance our understanding of epigenetic gene regulation.
The research has broad implications for epigenetic gene regulation and disease.