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Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
Testes: Gross Anatomy01:19

Testes: Gross Anatomy

The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration
08:49

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Published on: May 11, 2016

Late hormonal function after testicular torsion.

Carmelo Romeo1, Pietro Impellizzeri, Teresa Arrigo

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy. romeoc@unime.it

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testicular torsion can impair male hormonal function, leading to reduced inhibin B levels years after treatment. Orchidectomy or detorsion surgery did not significantly alter this long-term effect on testicular function.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration
08:49

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Published on: May 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Urology

Background:

  • Testicular torsion is a significant cause of male infertility.
  • Ischemia/reperfusion injury from torsion can impact testicular endocrine function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term hormonal function in patients after testicular torsion.
  • To assess the impact of orchidectomy versus detorsion on hormonal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of 20 patients (mean age 13.6 years) 5 years post-torsion.
  • Measured serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and inhibin B.
  • Used age-matched controls for inhibin B comparisons.

Main Results:

  • All measured hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone) were within normal ranges.
  • Inhibin B levels were significantly reduced in torsion patients compared to controls (34.5 vs 63.9 pg/mL).
  • No significant difference in inhibin B levels was found between orchidectomy and detorsion groups.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal testicular function may be compromised long-term after testicular torsion.
  • The type of surgical intervention (orchidectomy or detorsion) does not appear to influence the extent of hormonal compromise.