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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...

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A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
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A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants

Published on: January 1, 2016

Determination of colloidal and dissolved silver in water samples using colorimetric solid-phase extraction.

April A Hill1, Robert J Lipert, Marc D Porter

  • 1Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011, United States.

Talanta
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new colorimetric solid-phase extraction method rapidly quantifies total silver in water. This technique accurately measures ionic and colloidal silver, crucial for safe drinking water and space station applications.

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Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
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Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Rising antibiotic resistance fuels renewed interest in silver's antimicrobial properties.
  • Concerns regarding silver's toxicity have prompted regulatory action by the US EPA and FDA.
  • Accurate silver quantification is essential for safe applications, including the International Space Station (ISS) water system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and simple method for determining total silver (ionic and colloidal) in aqueous samples.
  • To meet regulatory limits for drinking water (US EPA) and potable water targets (ISS).
  • To provide a validated analytical technique for silver speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Colorimetric solid-phase extraction (C-SPE) using a DMABR-impregnated membrane.
  • Extraction of silver(I) and subsequent quantification via diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry.
  • Oxidation of colloidal silver to silver(I) using Oxone for total silver determination.

Main Results:

  • A method capable of quantifying total silver in the 0.1-1 mg/L range was developed.
  • The method successfully analyzed a water sample from the ISS containing both silver(I) and colloidal silver.
  • Validation against ICP-MS confirmed the method's accuracy and reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed C-SPE method offers a fast (<2 min), simple, and accurate way to measure total silver in water.
  • This technique is suitable for monitoring silver levels in drinking water and space exploration environments.
  • Potential applications extend to various earth-bound scenarios requiring silver monitoring.