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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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In Vivo Model for Testing Effect of Hypoxia on Tumor Metastasis
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Ewing's sarcoma.

Naomi J Balamuth1, Richard B Womer

  • 1Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

The Lancet. Oncology
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ewing sarcoma treatment has improved survival for localized tumors but metastatic disease remains challenging. New molecular targets and therapies offer hope for better outcomes in this pediatric bone cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Molecular Oncology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Ewing sarcoma is the second most common pediatric bone tumor.
  • Survival rates for localized disease have improved to ~75% with chemotherapy.
  • Metastatic disease and treatment toxicities remain significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of Ewing sarcoma treatment.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnosis and classification.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies targeting molecular pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current chemotherapy regimens (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide).
  • Analysis of molecular techniques and imaging modalities in diagnosis.

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  • Exploration of emerging therapeutic targets including EWS-ETS gene fusions, IGF1, mTOR, tyrosine kinases, angiogenesis, and non-apoptotic cell death.

    • Main Results:

    • Chemotherapy has significantly improved survival for localized Ewing sarcoma.
    • Molecular diagnostics are refining patient classification.
    • Several promising novel therapeutic targets are under investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite progress, metastatic Ewing sarcoma and treatment toxicities require better solutions.
    • Targeting EWS-ETS fusions and related pathways presents new therapeutic opportunities.
    • Integrating novel treatments into clinical trials for this rare cancer will be challenging.