Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Instinctive Drift01:05

Instinctive Drift

Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Latency and persistence of renewal in an intensive outpatient clinic.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2026
Same author

Recommendations and guidance for enhancing systematic reviews of single-case experimental design research.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2026
Same author

Additivity of resurgence and spontaneous recovery.

Learning & behavior·2026
Same author

Renewal of challenging behavior in an intensive outpatient clinic: Replication and extension to task changes.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2026
Same author

Multiple-context training mitigates renewal during differential reinforcement.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same author

Contingency discrimination training and resurgence: Effects of reduced extinction session durations.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same journal

Behavioral and physiological changes during the estrous cycle of socially housed female guinea pigs.

Behavioural processes·2026
Same journal

Flexible time-series analysis: A dynamically aware method for inferring directed dependencies in behavioral data.

Behavioural processes·2026
Same journal

Effects of group size and landmarks on escape behavior of three fish species.

Behavioural processes·2026
Same journal

Vocal individuality in two sympatric seabird species: The role of developmental strategy, analytical approach and sample size.

Behavioural processes·2026
Same journal

No evidence of sex-specific responses to chemosensory risk assessment cues in Harts rivulus.

Behavioural processes·2026
Same journal

Exploratory responses of rats to cage-mates and conspecifics from another cage in a habituation-dishabituation paradigm with multiple habituation stimuli.

Behavioural processes·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

Extinction, relapse, and behavioral momentum.

Christopher A Podlesnik1, Timothy A Shahan

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3415 Medical Science Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, United States. cpod@umich.edu

Behavioural Processes
|February 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral momentum theory explains that operant behavior relapse is influenced by the baseline reinforcement history of stimuli. Greater reinforcement history leads to increased resistance to extinction and relapse.

More Related Videos

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm
08:29

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

Published on: June 7, 2018

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats
08:54

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats

Published on: January 6, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm
08:29

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

Published on: June 7, 2018

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats
08:54

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats

Published on: January 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Learning and memory
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Behavioral momentum theory posits that reinforcement history influences response persistence.
  • Previous research linked stimulus-reinforcer relations to resistance to extinction.
  • Recent findings suggest these relations also impact operant behavior relapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of baseline stimulus-reinforcer relations in resistance to extinction and relapse.
  • To evaluate a behavioral momentum-based model's ability to explain these phenomena.
  • To examine how differential reinforcement conditions affect operant behavior relapse.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involved varying baseline training conditions and relapse operations.
  • Behavioral momentum theory was used as a framework for analysis.
  • Data were collected on resistance to extinction and relapse rates.

Main Results:

  • Resistance to extinction and relapse were greater with stimuli associated with more favorable reinforcement.
  • A positive relationship was observed between resistance to extinction and relapse.
  • The behavioral momentum model effectively accounted for the observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline stimulus-reinforcer relations significantly influence both resistance to extinction and relapse.
  • Behavioral momentum theory provides a quantitative framework for understanding relapse.
  • Differential reinforcement conditions are key factors in operant behavior relapse.