Langerhans cells and T lymphocyte subsets in the murine vagina and cervix

Immunization in the vagina can lead to the production of specific antibodies in the luminal fluid of this organ. To help understand the immune mechanisms involved in this process, we have studied the occurrence of Langerhans cells (LCs), macrophages, natural killer cells, and T and B lymphocytes in the murine vagina and cervix during the estrous cycle. LCs in the epithelia expressed Ia, F4/80, NLDC-145, and CD45, but not Mac-1, Moma-1, and Moma-2; double-labeling demonstrated phenotypic heterogeneity in this population Ia+, NLDC-145+; Ia+, NLDC-145-; Ia+, F4/80+; Ia+, F4/80-; Ia- F4/80+. T lymphocytes of both helper and cytotoxic/suppressor types were also present in the epithelia, sometimes in close association with LCs, but natural killer cells were not observed. The stroma of the vagina and cervix contained LCs (or interdigitating cells) and macrophages but few T lymphocytes and no B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, or lymphoid nodules. These observations confirm and extend previous reports that the murine vagina and cervix contain epithelial LCs and T lymphocytes and support the suggestion that antigens in the vagina and cervix, as in the epidermis, may be recognized and presented to the immune system by epithelial LCs. However, the paucity of T cells and the absence of B cells and lymphoid nodules from the stroma suggest that antigen presentation may not occur locally but at another site such as in the draining lymph nodes.