Hypoxia-reoxygenation increase invasiveness of PANC-1 cells through Rac1/MMP-2

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with proclivity to early metastasis. High expression and activation of the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) have been found in human pancreatic cancer tissues, being these increased levels of active MMP-2 correlated to tumor invasion and metastasis. Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H-R) are critical pathophysiological conditions during ischemia-reperfusion injury, which has been shown to enhance both invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of H-R on MMP-2 levels and the invasiveness properties of human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1. Using specific inhibitors, we found that H-R treatment of these tumor cells induced secretion and activation of MMP-2, which was required for H-R-stimulated basement membrane degradation and cell invasion. Our results also indicate that signaling events involved in H-R-enhanced PANC-1 invasiveness comprehend PI3K-dependent activation of Rac1, which mediated the formation of NADPH-generated reactive oxygen species responsible for MMP-2 secretion and activation.