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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

[Allergic risk during paediatric anaesthesia].

P Dewachter¹, C Mouton-Faivre

¹Inserm U970, service d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, Samu de Paris, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France. pascale.dewachter@yahoo.fr

Annales Francaises D'Anesthesie Et De Reanimation

|February 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Paediatric anaesthesia allergic reactions are rare, with latex hypersensitivity being more common than neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). Implementing a latex-free environment is crucial for reducing allergic risk in children during anaesthesia.

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Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Allergology
Pediatric Medicine

Context:

Allergic reactions pose a risk during pediatric anesthesia.
Understanding the incidence and causes of these reactions is vital for patient safety.

Purpose:

To review and propose management strategies for allergic risks in pediatric anesthesia.
To analyze the literature on allergic reactions during anesthesia in children.

Summary:

Anaphylactic reactions occur in approximately 1 in 7741 pediatric anesthetic procedures.
Latex anaphylaxis is a significant concern (1 in 10,159 procedures), while reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are rare (1 in 81,275 procedures).
Management involves clinical assessment using scales like Ring and Messmer, with epinephrine as first-line treatment for severe reactions, and allergological evaluation to identify causative agents.

Impact:

Highlights the importance of latex-free environments to mitigate allergic risks in pediatric anesthesia.
Provides insights into the differential incidence and management of allergic reactions to latex versus NMBAs in children.
Emphasizes the role of prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including allergological workup, for hypersensitivity reactions during pediatric anesthesia.