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Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Nose and Nasal Cavity

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

Cancrum oris in developed countries.

Silvia Chiandussi¹, Roberto Luzzati, Giancarlo Tirelli

¹School of Dental Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research

|February 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancrum oris (noma) is a severe oral necrosis, typically affecting children in developing nations. This report details a rare case in an elderly, immunosuppressed patient, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

Area of Science:

Oral pathology
Infectious diseases
Immunology

Background:

Cancrum oris, also known as noma, is a destructive necrotizing disease of the oral tissues and bone.
It predominantly affects children in developing countries, often linked to poor nutrition and sanitation.
Cases in developed countries are rare and typically associated with severe immunosuppression.

Observation:

A case of cancrum oris is presented in an elderly, immunosuppressed Italian patient.
The disease manifested as severe necrosis leading to an external buccal communication.
This presentation is unusual given the typical demographic affected by noma.

Findings:

The necrotic process in cancrum oris can be rapidly progressive and devastating.
Immunosuppression is a critical risk factor, even in elderly individuals.
The case demonstrates the potential for noma to occur outside its usual epidemiological context.

Implications:

Early identification and prompt management of necrotizing oral conditions are crucial.
Aggressive treatment is necessary to prevent the spread of tissue destruction.
This case underscores the importance of considering noma in immunosuppressed individuals, regardless of age or geographic location.