Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Rotational relaxation in a line-selected continuous HF chemical laser

J G Skifstad, C M Chao

    Applied Optics
    |February 16, 2010
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving11:21

    Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

    Published on: March 30, 2017

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor10:00

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

    Published on: November 11, 2013

    Related Concept Videos

    Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

    Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

    Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
    In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

    A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
    Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

    Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

    In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
    ¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

    ¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

    At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
    Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

    Standing Waves in a Cavity

    A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
    ¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

    ¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

    Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
    As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...