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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
06:50

O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

Published on: November 8, 2019

Simple derivative optical spectrometer.

G Baldini, E Grilli, M Guzzi

    Applied Optics
    |February 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents an easily assembled wavelength modulation spectrometer. The device enables simultaneous detection of absorption spectra and their derivatives with high sensitivity.

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    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
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    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression
    06:50

    O-cresol Concentration Online Measurement Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy Via Partial Least Square Regression

    Published on: November 8, 2019

    Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
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    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
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    High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

    Published on: December 22, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optical Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Wavelength modulation spectroscopy offers high sensitivity for analyzing light-matter interactions.
    • Developing user-friendly and efficient spectroscopic instruments is crucial for various scientific applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate the assembly of a simple yet effective wavelength modulation spectrometer.
    • To enable simultaneous measurement of absorption spectra and their derivatives.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a double beam optical scheme with two detectors.
    • Incorporated standard electronic signal processing.
    • Employed wavelength modulation techniques for enhanced sensitivity.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved simultaneous detection of absorption (or reflection) spectra and their logarithmic derivatives.
    • Demonstrated a minimum detectable modulation of approximately 10(-5) A(-1) with a ~2 A bandpass.
    • The spectrometer is designed for easy assembly.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed wavelength modulation spectrometer is a practical and sensitive instrument.
    • Its design facilitates straightforward construction and operation for spectral analysis.