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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
07:24

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Published on: February 19, 2018

Furnace temperature profiles: measurement by spectroscopic methods.

R D Cutting, I M Stewart

    Applied Optics
    |February 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study enhances atmospheric temperature profile retrieval from satellite infrared radiance data. A modified iterative inversion technique allows accurate temperature profiling even in high-temperature applications, overcoming previous limitations.

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    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

    Published on: November 7, 2016

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
    07:24

    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    In Situ Surface Temperature Measurement in a Conveyor Belt Furnace via Inline Infrared Thermography
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    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
    09:48

    Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

    Published on: November 7, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric science
    • Radiative transfer
    • Thermodynamics

    Background:

    • Satellite-based atmospheric temperature profile determination is a valuable meteorological tool.
    • High-temperature applications of this technique are limited due to poor convergence beyond temperature peaks.
    • Accurate temperature profiling is crucial for understanding and controlling high-temperature industrial processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a modified iterative inversion technique for retrieving atmospheric temperature profiles.
    • To overcome limitations in high-temperature applications of satellite-based temperature profiling.
    • To enable accurate temperature profile retrieval across the entire gas slab.

    Main Methods:

    • Modification of an existing atmospheric iterative inversion technique.
    • Integration of radiance measurements from two detectors.
    • Utilizing a common line of sight through the hot gas.

    Main Results:

    • Successful retrieval of temperature profiles over the whole gas slab, even at high temperatures.
    • Overcoming the difficulty of poor convergence beyond temperature peaks.
    • Demonstration of a viable method for high-temperature atmospheric temperature profiling.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified iterative inversion technique significantly expands the applicability of satellite-based atmospheric temperature profiling.
    • This advancement facilitates research in burner and rocket design.
    • Improved industrial furnace operation control is achievable with this enhanced technique.