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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics01:11

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons
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Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate.

Sheridan M Hoy1, Lesley J Scott, Gillian M Keating

  • 1Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

CNS Drugs
|February 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate effectively treats acute and maintenance phases of schizophrenia in adults. This long-acting antipsychotic demonstrated significant improvements in symptom scores and delayed relapse compared to placebo.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Paliperidone palmitate is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia.
  • It is the active metabolite of risperidone.
  • Initial studies aimed to optimize its dosage regimen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular paliperidone palmitate in adult patients with schizophrenia.
  • To assess its effectiveness in both acute and maintenance treatment phases.

Main Methods:

  • Four randomized, double-blind studies were conducted for acute treatment.
  • A randomized, double-blind study assessed maintenance therapy, including a 52-week extension phase.
  • Efficacy was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and other clinical scales.

Main Results:

  • Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate showed significantly greater improvements in PANSS total scores compared to placebo in acute schizophrenia.
  • It also led to better outcomes on PANSS subscales, Personal and Social Performance, and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scores.
  • For maintenance therapy, it significantly delayed time to relapse and sustained symptom improvement over 52 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate is an effective treatment for acute and maintenance therapy in adult schizophrenia patients.
  • The medication was generally well-tolerated across the studied patient population.
  • It offers a valuable long-acting injectable option for schizophrenia management.