Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Transcription

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

HIV infection reprogrammes CD4+ T cells for quiescence and entry into proviral latency.

Nature microbiology·2025

Same author

Preventing Microglial Reactivity Protects from Acute and Progressive Neuronal Dysfunction, Motor Impairments and Sedation following Alcohol Abuse.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

HIV infection in microglia leads to senescence, triggering activation of neurotoxicity pathways.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Induction of Invasive Basal Phenotype in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers by Long Noncoding RNA BORG.

Cancers·2024

Same author

During HCV DAA Therapy Plasma Mip1B, IP10, and miRNA Profile Are Distinctly Associated with Subsequent Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Biology·2022

Same author

Recruitment of the CoREST transcription repressor complexes by Nerve Growth factor IB-like receptor (Nurr1/NR4A2) mediates silencing of HIV in microglial cells.

PLoS pathogens·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 22, 2021

Reprogramming of the non-coding transcriptome during brain development.

Saba Valadkhan¹, Timothy W Nilsen

¹Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. saba.valadkhan@case.edu

Journal of Biology

|February 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression in neuronal stem cell differentiation involves intricate changes in protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. This study reveals complex patterns during the development of neurons and oligodendrocytes.

More Related Videos

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Published on: January 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 22, 2021

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Published on: January 12, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Neuronal stem cell differentiation is a critical process for brain development.
Understanding gene expression dynamics is key to deciphering cell fate decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze global gene expression changes during neuronal stem cell differentiation.
To investigate the roles of both protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs in this process.

Main Methods:

Global gene expression analysis.
Transcriptomic profiling of differentiating neuronal stem cells.

Main Results:

Identified complex expression patterns for protein-coding transcripts.
Revealed dynamic changes in long non-coding RNA expression.
Observed coordinated regulation between coding and non-coding RNAs.

Conclusions:

Differentiation of neuronal stem cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes involves intricate gene regulatory networks.
Long non-coding RNAs play a significant role alongside protein-coding transcripts in cell fate determination.