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Pattern and determinants of BCG immunisation delays in a sub-Saharan African community

Bolajoko O Olusanya1

  • 1Maternal and Child Health Unit, Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. boolusanya@aol.com

Health Research Policy and Systems
|February 17, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Significant delays in Bacille de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation occurred in over 30% of infants in a Nigerian community. Undernourishment and lack of antenatal care were key predictors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve timely vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood immunisation is crucial for health systems and preventing vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • Timely immunisation, not just coverage, is a key public health objective.
  • This study focuses on Bacille de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation delays in infants under three months in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the pattern of BCG immunisation delays in the first three months of life.
  • To identify factors associated with BCG immunisation delays in a specific community.
  • To inform policy and practice for improved infant immunisation services.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Survival analysis assessed immunisation delays up to 3 months.
  • Multivariable logistic regression identified associated factors, with Population Attributable Risk (PAR) calculated.

Main Results:

  • 31.6% of infants experienced BCG immunisation delays beyond three months.
  • Infants born in hospitals had higher vaccination rates within six weeks.
  • Undernourishment predicted delays, while treated hyperbilirubinaemia was associated with reduced delays. Lack of antenatal care and multiple gestations also predicted delays.

Conclusions:

  • Significant BCG immunisation delays are prevalent in this setting.
  • Infants at risk can be identified early, potentially through enhanced maternal antenatal care uptake.
  • Consideration should be given to combining BCG with the 6-week immunisation for eligible infants.
Abstract

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