The methods for the generation of smoothness in dental ceramics

Occlusal corrections, acidulated phosphate fluoride applications, carbonated beverages, or air-powder abrasion procedures can roughen the surface of restorations. Once deteriorated, porcelain surfaces need to be repolished. These surfaces can be reglazed or polished through various intraoral and extraoral polishing kits. Although clinicians often seek studies on the effect of repeated firings on coherence between metal and ceramic, the color of the porcelain, fluorescence, microstructure, and brightness, only a limited number of studies are available in the literature. This article reviews the available literature and presents methods for generating a smooth surface and assessing surface roughness. It also discusses the differences between glazing and mechanical polishing, highlighting the importance of mechanical polishing of dental ceramics.