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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases
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Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Published on: June 20, 2025

Autophagy in vascular disease.

Stefan W Ryter1, Seon-Jin Lee, Akaya Smith

  • 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sryter@partners.org

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, aids survival during nutrient deficiency and stress. Its role in cardiovascular and lung diseases is being explored for potential therapeutic strategies.

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Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina
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Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

Published on: June 23, 2014

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Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases
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Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Published on: June 20, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina
07:32

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

Published on: June 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a regulated cellular process involving the turnover of organelles and proteins via lysosomes.
  • It serves as a survival mechanism during starvation by replenishing metabolic precursors.
  • Autophagy is an adaptive response to various cellular stresses like hypoxia and oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of autophagy in cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases.
  • To explore the complex relationship between autophagy and programmed cell death pathways.
  • To assess the potential of manipulating autophagy for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies on autophagy in vascular disorders.
  • Analysis of recent research implicating autophagy in chronic lung disease.
  • Examination of the interplay between autophagy and cell death mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is activated in various cardiovascular conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
  • The functional role of autophagy in cardiovascular disease may be adaptive or maladaptive.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a role for autophagy in chronic lung disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a multifaceted role in cardiovascular and lung diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional significance of autophagy in human disease.
  • Targeting autophagy signaling pathways may offer novel therapeutic avenues for disease prevention and treatment.