CircE: an R implementation of Browne's circular stochastic process model
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A User-friendly and Powerful R Analysis of Large-scale Datasets
Published on: November 4, 2025
Michele Grassi1, Riccardo Luccio, Lisa Di Blas
1Department of Psychology G. Kanizsa, University of Trieste, Via Sant'Anastasio 12, Trieste, Italy. grassi.mic@gmail.com
Abstract:
In confirmatory analysis of whether data have a circumplex structure, Browne's (1992) model has played a major role. However, implementation of this model requires a dedicated program, CIRCUM, because the analysis routine is not integrated in any of the most widely used statistical software packages. Hence, data entry and graphical representation of the results require the use of one or more additional programs. We propose a package for the R statistical environment, termed CircE, that can be used to enter or import data, implement Browne's confirmatory analysis, and graphically represent the results. Using this new software, we put forward a new approach to assess the sustainability of theoretical models when the analysis is carried out at the level of questionnaire items. The CircE package (for either Mac OS X or Windows) and additional files may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
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