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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
Published on: October 18, 2018
Feedforward, -backward, and neutral transparency measures for Grade 1 and Grade 2 Greek readers
Kenneth A Spencer1, Nataly Loizidou, Jackie Masterson
1Centre for Educational Studies, University of Hull, Hull, England. k.a.spencer@hull.ac.uk
Abstract:
In the present study, orthographic metrics for Greek children's Grade 1 and Grade 2 reading materials were presented. Data for five transparency metrics--three of which being neither feedforward nor feedbackward--were presented and offered for use in the research of children's reading and spelling acquisition. The analysis demonstrated the complex relationships between metrics and compared the results with those obtained for the English language. The structure of these metrics from a variety of corpus sizes was investigated, and we concluded that large corpus sizes do not necessarily make a substantial contribution to the value of such metrics when compared with smaller samples.
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