Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic01:25

Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic

The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic ulcer disease develops when protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa are overwhelmed by harmful factors, leading to localized erosions in the stomach or proximal duodenum. The main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Helicobacter pylori–Induced InjuryBacterial Adaptation and Colonization:H. pylori is a spiral, Gram-negative bacterium adapted to the acidic stomach. and transmitted through oral-oral or...
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A framework for the exploration of subcellular compartmentalization of RNA-binding proteins.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Loss-of-function genetic screen unveils synergistic efficacy of PARG inhibition with combined 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan treatment in colorectal cancer.

Clinical and translational medicine·2025
Same author

Loss of histone macroH2A1.1 causes kidney abnormalities secondary to a change in nutrient metabolization.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Chromatin activity of IκBα mediates the exit from naïve pluripotency.

eLife·2025
Same author

KDM6 Demethylases Contribute to EWSR1::FLI1-Driven Oncogenic Reprogramming in Ewing Sarcoma.

Cancer research·2025
Same author

The PRC2-associated factor EPOP is required for Hox gene regulation during axial development in mice.

Developmental biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes
08:24

Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes

Published on: July 5, 2024

Approaching the molecular and physiological function of macroH2A variants.

Marcus Buschbeck1, Luciano Di Croce

  • 1Institut for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Spain. mbuschbeck@imppc.org

Epigenetics
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cellular identity is maintained by epigenetic memory, which involves changes in chromatin organization. Histone variants, like macroH2A, are key regulators of these epigenetic modifications and cellular transitions.

More Related Videos

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes
08:24

Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes

Published on: July 5, 2024

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular transitions involve significant chromatin reorganization.
  • Epigenetic memory, defined by chromatin modifications, underpins cellular identity.
  • Histone variants are implicated as crucial regulators in epigenetic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of macroH2A histone variants in epigenetic regulation.
  • To identify proteins interacting with macroH2A variants.
  • To elucidate the molecular and physiological functions of macroH2A histone variants.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide profiling techniques were employed.
  • Identification of macroH2A interacting proteins was performed.

Main Results:

  • Unusual macroH2A histone variants were profiled across the genome.
  • Proteins interacting with macroH2A variants were identified.

Conclusions:

  • MacroH2A histone variants play a significant role in epigenetic regulation.
  • The study provides insights into the molecular and physiological functions of macroH2A.
  • Understanding these variants is crucial for comprehending cellular identity and transitions.