Application of Ultrasound for Targeted Nanotherapy of Malignant Tumors

The article describes the study of targeted chemotherapeutic intervention on solid tumors by means of ultrasound and doxorubicin- or paclitaxel-loaded perfluoropentane nanoemulsions. Nanodroplets of the emulsions accumulated in a tumor by passive targeting. Under the action of a tumor-directed therapeutic ultrasound, the nanodroplets converted into vapor microbubbles. In vivo, the nanodroplets strongly retained the loaded drugs; yet, under ultrasound-mediated vaporization they released the drugs into the tumor tissue, thereby implementing effective targeting into the tumor. The tumors subjected to this treatment regressed effectively; however, after some time they recurred. The recurring tumors were more resistant to the repeated therapy than the primary ones. At present, the causes of of the resistance development and methods for its elimination are unclear and they are under investigation.