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Related Concept Videos

Vapor Pressure of Fluid01:28

Vapor Pressure of Fluid

The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
When a liquid is placed in a closed container with a small air space, and the space is evacuated, vapor molecules will...
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates: Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution. The presence of...
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production
07:03

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

Published on: December 1, 2023

A Vapor Based Microfluidic Flow Regulator.

Wei Xu, Liang L Wu, Yang Zhang

    Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical
    |February 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a novel flow regulating technology using trapped air bubbles in microfluidic channels. This simple method enables precise flow control and on-off valving for Lab-on-Chip devices.

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    High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
    10:22

    High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

    Published on: September 2, 2009

    Area of Science:

    • Microfluidics
    • Biotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Microfluidic devices require precise control over fluid flow for various applications.
    • Existing flow control methods can be complex and difficult to integrate monolithically.
    • The development of simple, integrated flow regulation is crucial for Lab-on-Chip (LoC) systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel flow regulating technology utilizing trapped air bubbles.
    • To present designs for microfluidic flow regulators and valves based on this principle.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of integrating flow and valve control on polymer LoC devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of microfluidic channels with hydrophobic surfaces to trap air bubbles.
    • Design and fabrication of microfluidic flow regulators and on-off valves.
    • Experimental validation of the trapped air bubble technique for flow control.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of constant and varying flow rate delivery using trapped air bubbles.
    • Experimental validation of on-off valving capabilities.
    • Proof of concept for monolithic integration of flow and valve control on polymer LoC devices.

    Conclusions:

    • Trapped air bubbles in hydrophobic microfluidic channels offer a simple and effective method for flow regulation.
    • This technique facilitates the monolithic integration of flow control and valving on polymer Lab-on-Chip devices.
    • The presented approach provides a versatile solution for advanced microfluidic applications.