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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Two-Way ANOVA01:17

Two-Way ANOVA

The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the means for...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Articulation rate across dialect, age, and gender.

Ewa Jacewicz1, Robert A Fox, Caitlin O'Neill

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University.

Language Variation and Change
|February 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Northern American English speakers articulate faster than Southern speakers. Young adults speak faster than older adults, especially in Northern free speech, while gender differences in speech tempo are minimal.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociolinguistics
  • Phonetics
  • Dialectology

Background:

  • Sociolinguistic variation research is expanding, yet fundamental questions about speech tempo differences across dialects remain unanswered.
  • Speech tempo is influenced by social, physical, and psychological factors, highlighting its complexity.
  • Understanding regional variations in articulation rate is crucial for a comprehensive view of sociophonetic patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional variations in articulation rate within American English.
  • To examine how age, gender, and speaking situation (reading vs. free conversation) affect speech tempo.
  • To contribute fundamental phonetic data to the study of American English sociophonetics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation comparing articulation rates of speakers from two distinct regional varieties of American English (Northern and Southern).
  • Analysis of speech tempo across different age groups (young adults vs. older adults) and genders.
  • Comparison of articulation rates in controlled reading tasks versus spontaneous free conversation.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in articulation rate were found between Northern (Wisconsin) and Southern (North Carolina) American English speakers, with Northern speakers being faster.
  • Younger adults exhibited faster reading rates than older adults in both regions; this pattern persisted in free speech only for Northern speakers.
  • Gender effects on articulation rate were less pronounced, with men generally speaking slightly faster than women.

Conclusions:

  • Regional dialect significantly impacts articulation rate in American English.
  • Age is a notable factor influencing speech tempo, particularly in reading and Northern free speech.
  • Continued research incorporating basic phonetic data is essential for cataloging regional differences and linguistic change in American English.