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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

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Published on: May 9, 2019

Abstract syntax in sentence production: Evidence from stem-exchange errors.

Liane Wardlow Lane¹, Victor S Ferreira

¹University of California, San Diego.

Journal of Memory and Language

|February 18, 2010

Summary

Syntactic frames, not just word meanings, influence speech errors. This study shows abstract syntactic frames guide word form, impacting how speakers produce language.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Science
Linguistics

Background:

Stem exchange errors, where nouns are erroneously produced as verbs, provide insights into syntactic representation.
Existing theories propose either lexical or frame-based mechanisms for the well-formedness of such errors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of syntactic representation during speech production.
To differentiate between lexically-based and frame-based theories of syntactic error production.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted to analyze stem exchange errors.
Experiment 1 manipulated syntactic context to observe noun-to-verb conversions.
Experiments 2 and 3 controlled for utterance type and phonological influences, respectively.

Main Results:

Speakers converted nouns to verbs only when the syntactic context strictly required a verb.
When both noun and verb forms were syntactically permissible, nouns were produced as nouns.
Phonological factors did not drive the observed noun-verb conversions.

Conclusions:

The findings support frame-based theories of syntactic representation.
Evidence suggests that abstract syntactic frames independently influence speech production.
Syntactic context plays a crucial role in guiding word form during speech errors.