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Depressive disorders in maltreated children.

J Kaufman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Childhood maltreatment significantly increases the risk for depressive disorders, including major depression and dysthymia. Specific risk factors were identified to predict which maltreated children are most vulnerable.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for mental health issues.
  • Depressive disorders are prevalent among children experiencing abuse and neglect.
  • Understanding the specific vulnerabilities of maltreated children is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of major depression and dysthymia in maltreated children.
  • To identify factors that predict the likelihood of depressive disorders in this population.
  • To explore the relationship between different types of maltreatment, social support, attributional style, and cortisol levels in relation to depression.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 56 children aged 7-12 years who experienced maltreatment was assessed.

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  • Diagnostic criteria for major depression and dysthymia were applied.
  • Data on types of maltreatment, social support, attributional style, and cortisol secretion were collected.
  • Discriminant analysis was used to identify predictive factors for depressive disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • 18% of maltreated children met criteria for major depression.
    • 25% met criteria for dysthymia, with significant overlap between the two diagnoses.
    • Discriminant analysis correctly classified 91% of participants based on identified risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Depressive disorders are highly prevalent in maltreated children.
    • A combination of maltreatment characteristics, psychological factors, and biological markers can accurately predict depressive disorders.
    • These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health services for children exposed to maltreatment.