Effects of KTP laser on oral soft tissues. An in vitro study

A biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to establish a clear diagnosis of a lesion in order to clarify a clinical diagnostic suspicion. During a biopsy procedure it is fundamental to maintain safe and readable cut margins in order to permit histological visualization of possible marginal infiltrations or malignant transformation of a lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological peripheral damage caused by application of a KTP (potassium titanium phosphate) laser during oral soft tissue biopsy procedures. A KTP laser (lambda 532 nm) at different power settings and fluences was used to obtain 45 samples from pig cadaver tongues. The samples were then subdivided into five groups of nine samples each. A final specimen was taken by scalpel as a control. All samples were put into test tubes containing 10% buffered formalin solution, and were examined separately under an optical microscope by two pathologists to evaluate the peripheral thermal damage induced by the laser. In all specimens the cut edges of the incision were free from histological artefacts, especially when lower settings were applied. Statistical analysis showed no differences among the groups. The KTP laser demonstrated surgical effectiveness and caused little peripheral damage to the cut edges, and therefore would always allow a safe histological diagnosis to be obtained.