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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
04:47

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach

Published on: June 23, 2023

Endobronchial polyp in a neonate.

Himanshu P Popat1, John Sinn, Peter Cooper

  • 1Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|February 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare endobronchial inflammatory granuloma caused respiratory distress in a preterm newborn. This case highlights the importance of considering uncommon endobronchial lesions in neonatal respiratory issues.

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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
04:47

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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
06:15

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Pathology

Background:

  • Neonatal respiratory distress can stem from various lung pathologies, including extraluminal, parenchymal, and endobronchial lesions.
  • Endobronchial tumors and polyps are infrequent causes of lung collapse or hyperinflation in newborns.

Observation:

  • A preterm newborn presented with significant respiratory distress.
  • Imaging revealed lung collapse and hyperinflation, prompting further investigation.
  • Bronchoscopic examination identified an endobronchial lesion.

Findings:

  • The endobronchial lesion was diagnosed as an inflammatory granuloma.
  • This granuloma was the cause of the observed collapse/hyperinflation and subsequent respiratory distress.
  • The condition is rare in the neonatal population.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need to consider rare endobronchial causes in neonatal respiratory distress.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management of endobronchial lesions are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into the etiology and treatment of neonatal endobronchial granulomas is warranted.