Rapid vasodilation in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles: impact of branch order

We tested the hypothesis that segmental differences in the responsiveness and time course of vasodilation to metabolic signals putatively involved in rapid onset vasodilation (ROV) at the start of exercise exist within the skeletal muscle vasculature. Cannulated first-order (1As) and third-order arterioles (3As) of the rat gastrocnemius (G) muscle were exposed to cumulative doses of KCl, acetylcholine (Ach), or adenosine (Ado). In addition, time course and magnitude of vasodilation to localized application of these agonists were determined. 1As and 3As dilated similarly to incremental doses of the agonists. Continuous monitoring of internal diameter revealed a fast and transient dilatory response to microinjections of the agonists, with an average time delay (TD) before the onset of vasodilation of 2.8 +/- 0.2 seconds (1As: 3.0 +/- 0.3 seconds and 3As: 2.6 +/- 0.3 seconds) and time-to-peak (TP) of 8.2 +/- 0.7 seconds (1As: 10.3 +/- 1 seconds and 3As:5.7 +/- 0.5 seconds). No significant differences were detected for all parameters between 1As and 3As for KCl or Ado application, while 1As had a significantly longer TP and greater peak dilation than 3As to Ach. These findings demonstrate that 1As and 3As from the rat G muscle appear to have similar responsiveness to vasoactive agonists. Furthermore, the average TD before vasodilation supports a role for metabolic signals as contributors to the ROV.