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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

Development of an MR-compatible SPECT system (MRSPECT) for simultaneous data acquisition.

Mark J Hamamura¹, Seunghoon Ha, Werner W Roeck

¹Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. markjham@uci.edu

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|February 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel dual-modality SPECT/MRI system for simultaneous imaging. The system demonstrates feasible data acquisition, paving the way for advanced medical imaging applications.

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High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

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Published on: May 10, 2012

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Nuclear Medicine
Radiological Sciences

Background:

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offers functional insights, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution anatomical and complementary functional data.
Integrating these modalities can enhance diagnostic capabilities by combining their strengths.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and assess a miniaturized dual-modality SPECT/MRI (MRSPECT) system for simultaneous data acquisition.
To investigate the feasibility of scaling the system for whole-body applications.

Main Methods:

A cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detector was integrated with a radiofrequency (RF) coil within a 4 Tesla MRI system.
Phantom experiments were conducted to analyze hardware interactions and image quality.
Techniques for mitigating interference between SPECT and MRI components were explored.

Main Results:

The developed MRSPECT system enabled simultaneous SPECT and MRI data acquisition.
SPECT hardware components influenced the MRI B(0) field, reducing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
MRI's magnetic field caused shifts and resolution loss in SPECT projection data, with proposed compensation methods.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous SPECT and MRI data acquisition is achievable with the developed MRSPECT system.
The findings support further development of MRSPECT for both small-animal and human whole-body imaging.
Addressing hardware interactions is crucial for optimizing dual-modality imaging performance.