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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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Far infrared imagery.

T S Hartwick, D T Hodges, D H Barker

    Applied Optics
    |February 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Far-infrared (FIR) imaging offers practical applications for law enforcement and nondestructive testing. This study demonstrates FIR imaging

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Imaging Technologies

    Background:

    • Active imaging systems are crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.
    • The far-infrared (FIR) spectrum offers unique properties for material characterization.
    • Existing imaging techniques may have limitations in certain testing scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the capabilities of active imaging in the far-infrared (FIR) spectrum.
    • To assess the applicability of FIR imaging for law enforcement and nondestructive testing.
    • To present transmission data for common materials within the FIR range.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted active imaging experiments within the 300 microm-l mm-region of the FIR spectrum.
    • Acquired transmission data for a diverse set of common materials.
    • Generated FIR images of various objects to demonstrate imaging potential.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the range of applicability of FIR imaging across different materials.
    • Presented successful FIR images of several objects, showcasing imaging quality.
    • Gathered transmission data indicating material properties in the FIR spectrum.

    Conclusions:

    • FIR imaging is a practical technique with significant potential for law enforcement and nondestructive testing.
    • The presented data and images highlight the effectiveness of FIR imaging.
    • Straightforward system improvements can further enhance the practicality and performance of FIR imaging.