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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Remote sensing
    • Cloud physics

    Background:

    • Multiple scattering significantly impacts lidar signals from clouds.
    • Understanding scattering properties is crucial for accurate cloud remote sensing.
    • Polarization of light provides valuable information about scattering processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the contribution of multiple scattering to lidar backscattering from clouds.
    • To utilize signal depolarization measurements for quantifying multiple scattering.
    • To compare experimental findings with theoretical models.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a ruby laser operating at 694 nm for lidar measurements.
    • Employed a multichannel lidar receiver to measure signal depolarization.
    • Analyzed depolarization data to infer multiple scattering effects.

    Main Results:

    • Presented experimental data for cumulus clouds and ground-level fog.
    • Demonstrated that depolarization can quantify multiple scattering.
    • Found that single scattering largely retains incident polarization.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple scattering significantly affects lidar signals in clouds.
    • Depolarization measurements offer a viable method for assessing multiple scattering.
    • The findings align with theoretical predictions for cloud scattering.