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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

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Published on: June 18, 2018

WITHDRAWN: Dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence.

Bernardo Soares1, Anelise Arl Lima Reisser, Michael Farrell

  • 1Brazilian Cochrane Centre, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 598, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 04039-001.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|February 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine agonists like amantadine, bromocriptine, and pergolide are not effective for treating cocaine dependence. Further research is needed to find treatments that help patients remain in therapy.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cocaine dependence is a significant public health issue with severe medical, psychological, and social consequences.
  • Withdrawal symptoms include craving, depression, fatigue, irritability, anorexia, and sleep disturbances.
  • Cocaine use alters dopamine levels, suggesting dopamine-targeting drugs might be beneficial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and acceptability of dopamine agonists for treating cocaine dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials identified through extensive electronic database searches and other sources.
  • Included trials focused on dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence treatment.
  • Data extraction and analysis included Relative Risks and number needed to treat, with sensitivity analyses for dropouts.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen studies with 1224 participants evaluated amantadine, bromocriptine, and pergolide.
  • No significant differences were found between dopamine agonists and controls for cocaine metabolite levels or treatment retention.
  • Efficacy and acceptability outcomes were similar across different participant groups.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support the use of dopamine agonists for treating cocaine dependence.
  • Alternative or additional supportive measures are recommended to improve patient retention in treatment.