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Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Reverse of mixing process with a two-dimensional electro-fluid-dynamic device.

Chang Liu, Yong Luo, E Jane Maxwell

    Analytical Chemistry
    |February 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers have reversed the spontaneous mixing of solutions using a microfluidic electro-fluid-dynamic (EFD) device. This technology enables the separation of complex mixtures into pure compounds by strategically applying electric fields.

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    AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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    AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

    Published on: July 28, 2008

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
    08:41

    Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

    Published on: September 7, 2018

    AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
    20:38

    AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

    Published on: July 28, 2008

    Area of Science:

    • Physical Chemistry
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Microfluidics

    Background:

    • Mixing of solutions is a spontaneous thermodynamic process driven by entropy increase.
    • Reversing mixing typically requires specific conditions and is challenging to achieve conventionally.
    • Microfluidic devices are commonly used for sample introduction and mixing.

    Discussion:

    • A two-dimensional microfluidic electro-fluid-dynamic (EFD) device can separate a continuous mixture into pure compounds.
    • Strategic application of electric fields within EFD devices allows for the reversal of the mixing process.
    • Calculations involving electric field and fluid dynamics in mass balance equations determine necessary pressures for analyte separation.

    Key Insights:

    • EFD devices utilize differential analyte migration and velocity field distribution for spatial separation in two dimensions.
    • Predetermined conditions of pressure and electric potential at inlets/outlets are crucial for observing the reverse mixing phenomenon.
    • This approach overcomes the limitations of one-dimensional separation in conventional microfluidic systems.

    Outlook:

    • EFD devices offer a pathway for complete processing of minute samples.
    • The technology facilitates the isolation of pure chemical species from complex mixtures.
    • Potential applications include advanced chemical analysis and purification processes.