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Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
Published on: September 19, 2018
Tyrosine kinases as molecular targets to inhibit cancer progression and metastasis
V Cepero1, J R Sierra, S Giordano
1Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, S.P.142 Km 3.9, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy.
Abstract:
During the last decades, the improvement of our knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for cancer development has led to the introduction of new promising strategies of treatment, based on "molecular targeted" drugs. These drugs are designed to act on specific molecules, identified as major players in the maintenance of the malignant status. The development of inhibitors, mainly monoclonal antibodies and small-molecules, directed against activated oncogenes has been the most widely used approach for this kind of treatment. Among the oncogenes implicated in human cancers, tyrosine kinases play a critical role. This observation, together with the discovery that cancer cells can be dependent for their survival from the continuous expression of activated oncogenes (a concept defined as "oncogene addiction"), has made protein kinases ideal targets for targeted therapy in cancer. As the field of targeted therapies is now rapidly growing and a comprehensive survey would be too wide, this review will thus mainly focus on strategies aimed at inhibiting tyrosine kinases and their signal transduction pathways.
Insights
New cancer treatments target specific molecules driving cancer growth. This review focuses on inhibitors targeting tyrosine kinases, crucial for cancer cell survival and signaling pathways.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cancer development knowledge has advanced, leading to molecular targeted therapies.
- Targeted drugs inhibit specific molecules crucial for maintaining cancer's malignant state.
- Activated oncogenes are key drivers, with tyrosine kinases playing a critical role in many human cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review strategies for inhibiting tyrosine kinases and their associated signal transduction pathways in cancer therapy.
- To highlight the role of "oncogene addiction" in making protein kinases ideal therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Focuses on reviewing existing literature and strategies.
- Concentrates on inhibitors, primarily monoclonal antibodies and small-molecules.
- Examines tyrosine kinases and their signal transduction pathways as therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- Tyrosine kinases are critical oncogenes in human cancers.
- Cancer cells often depend on continuous oncogene expression for survival ("oncogene addiction").
- Inhibitors targeting these kinases represent a promising therapeutic approach.
Conclusions:
- Targeted inhibition of tyrosine kinases and their pathways is a rapidly growing area in cancer therapy.
- Understanding oncogene addiction supports the development of kinase-targeted drugs.
- This review provides a focused overview of tyrosine kinase inhibition strategies.
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